Growing anti-migrant unrest in South Africa is spreading beyond major cities, leaving thousands of foreign nationals living in smaller towns gripped by fear and uncertainty. Although many demonstrations have focused on undocumented immigration, migrants—including those with valid legal status—say they have become targets of intimidation, harassment and suspicion as anti-foreigner sentiment intensifies across the country.
The latest wave of unrest follows nationwide protests organised by anti-immigration groups demanding the removal of undocumented migrants. In some communities, protesters have reportedly gone door-to-door searching for foreign nationals, while police have arrested hundreds of people for offences ranging from immigration violations to public violence and looting. The demonstrations have prompted many migrants from countries such as Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique to flee their homes or seek temporary refuge elsewhere.
Residents in small towns say the atmosphere has become increasingly tense, with local businesses owned by foreigners experiencing declining patronage amid growing mistrust. Many migrants report avoiding public spaces, limiting their movements and closing their shops early out of fear of possible attacks. Some families have also withdrawn children from school temporarily as uncertainty persists.
The unrest has been fuelled by frustrations over unemployment, crime and years of slow economic growth, with anti-migrant groups accusing undocumented foreigners of taking jobs and placing pressure on public services. However, economists argue that migrants play an important role in sectors such as agriculture, construction, retail and hospitality, warning that a mass exodus of foreign workers could worsen labour shortages and negatively affect South Africa’s economy.
President Cyril Ramaphosa has condemned xenophobia and warned against citizens taking the law into their own hands, insisting that immigration enforcement remains the responsibility of state authorities. Human rights organisations have also urged the government to protect all residents from violence while addressing legitimate concerns over border management through lawful means. As tensions continue, many migrants say they remain hopeful that calm will return, but admit that fear and suspicion now define daily life in communities once considered safe.
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