Former Nigerian Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon (retd.), has revealed that restrictions imposed by the United States and the United Kingdom during the Nigerian Civil War forced his government to seek military support from the Soviet Union and black-market arms dealers.
Gowon made the revelation in his newly released autobiography titled My Life of Duty and Allegiance, launched in Abuja on Tuesday. In the book, the former military ruler recounted how Nigeria faced a severe ammunition shortage during the civil war between 1967 and 1970 while Western allies refused to supply needed weapons.
According to Gowon, international restrictions prevented Nigeria from replenishing military supplies as the war intensified. He explained that by late 1968, the country’s ammunition reserves had dropped dangerously low, forcing federal troops to slow their military advance after capturing Enugu.
The former Head of State said he personally met with British and American diplomats in what he described as one of the most critical moments of the war, but left disappointed after receiving no firm commitment for arms support.
“If I say I’m not disappointed, it will be an understatement,” Gowon wrote, adding that he eventually resolved to seek assistance “from any devil” willing to help Nigeria preserve its unity.
Following the failed discussions with Western powers, Gowon directed Nigerian officials to open talks with the Soviet Union. He disclosed that Moscow quickly agreed to supply military aircraft, including MiG fighter jets and bombers, which significantly strengthened Nigeria’s war effort.
Historical records also show that the Soviet Union became one of Nigeria’s major military suppliers during the civil war after the United States maintained a neutral position and Britain hesitated over deeper involvement.
Beyond Soviet support, Gowon revealed that a Lebanese businessman identified as Ali Jamal also played a crucial role by personally financing the procurement of weapons and ammunition for Nigeria when government funds were limited.
The former leader said the arrangement initially sparked disagreements within the Federal Executive Council, particularly with then-Finance Commissioner Chief Obafemi Awolowo, who objected to the emergency spending process. Gowon, however, insisted the purchases were necessary to protect the country and sustain military operations.
The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, lasted from July 1967 to January 1970 and remains one of the most defining and controversial periods in Nigeria’s history.
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